A ranar Laraba mai zuwa, 24 ga Nuwamba, sabon tebur na tuƙi zuwa gaba zai tattauna yadda makomar samar da batir ɗin Kanada zai kasance.Ko kai mai kyakkyawan fata ne-ka yi imani da cewa dukkan motoci za su zama lantarki nan da shekarar 2035-ko kuma kana tunanin ba za mu cimma wannan buri ba, motocin da ke amfani da batir wani muhimmin bangare ne na makomarmu.Idan Kanada tana son zama wani ɓangare na wannan juyin juya halin lantarki, muna buƙatar nemo hanyar da za mu zama jagorar masana'antar sarrafa wutar lantarki a nan gaba.Don ganin yadda makomar gaba ta kasance, kalli sabon zagaye na kera batir gare mu a Kanada wannan Laraba da karfe 11:00 na safe agogon Gabas.
Manta game da batura masu ƙarfi.Haka yake ga duk abin da ake yi game da silicon anodes.Hatta batirin iskar aluminum da ba za a iya caji a gida ba ba zai iya girgiza duniyar motocin lantarki ba.
Menene baturin tsari?To, wannan tambaya ce mai kyau.An yi sa'a a gare ni, wanda ba ya son yin riya cewa ƙila ba ni da ƙwarewar injiniyanci, amsar mai sauƙi ce.Motocin lantarki na yanzu suna amfani da batura da aka sanya a cikin motar.Oh, mun sami sabuwar hanyar ɓoye ingancin su, wanda shine gina duk waɗannan batura lithium-ion a cikin kasan chassis, ƙirƙirar dandamali na "skateboard" wanda yanzu yayi daidai da ƙirar EV.Amma har yanzu sun rabu da motar.Add-on, idan kuna so.
Batura na tsari suna jujjuya wannan yanayin ta hanyar yin gabaɗayan chassis ɗin da aka yi da ƙwayoyin baturi.A cikin wata alama mai kama da mafarki nan gaba, ba wai kawai bene mai ɗaukar nauyi ba zai kasance-maimakon ƙunshi-batura, amma wasu sassa na jiki-A-ginshiƙai, rufin, har ma, kamar yadda cibiyar bincike ta nuna, yana yiwuwa , The matatar iska ta matsa daki-ba kawai sanye take da batura ba, amma a zahiri an haɗa ta da batura.A cikin kalmomin babban Marshall McLuhan, mota baturi ce.
To, ko da yake batir lithium-ion na zamani sun yi kama da fasahar zamani, suna da nauyi.Yawan makamashi na lithium ion bai kai na man fetur ba, don haka don cimma iyaka daidai da na motocin burbushin mai, batura a cikin EVs na zamani suna da girma sosai.Mai girma sosai.
Mafi mahimmanci, suna da nauyi.Kamar nauyi a cikin "faɗin kaya".Babban tsarin da ake amfani da shi a halin yanzu don ƙididdige yawan kuzarin baturi shine cewa kowane kilogiram na lithium ion zai iya samar da kusan awa 250 na wutar lantarki.Ko a cikin taƙaitaccen duniya, injiniyoyi sun fi son, 250 Wh/kg.
Yi ɗan lissafi kaɗan, baturin 100 kWh yana kama da Tesla da aka toshe a cikin baturin Model S, wanda ke nufin cewa duk inda kuka je, zaku ja kusan kilo 400 na baturi.Wannan shine mafi kyawun aiki kuma mafi inganci.A gare mu 'yan ƙasa, yana iya zama mafi daidai don kimanta cewa baturi 100 kWh yana auna kusan fam 1,000.Kamar rabin tan.
Yanzu tunanin wani abu kamar sabon Hummer SUT, wanda ke da'awar yana da ƙarfin kan jirgi har zuwa 213 kWh.Ko da janar ya sami wasu nasarori cikin inganci, babban Hummer zai ci gaba da jan kusan tan na batura.Ee, zai yi nisa, amma saboda duk waɗannan ƙarin fa'idodin, haɓakar kewayon bai dace da ninki biyu na baturi ba.Tabbas, dole ne babbar motarsa ​​ta kasance tana da ƙarfin da ya fi ƙarfin - wato, ƙarancin inganci - injin da zai dace.Ayyukan zaɓuɓɓuka masu sauƙi, gajeriyar kewayon.Kamar yadda kowane injiniyan kera motoci (ko don saurin sauri ko tattalin arzikin mai) zai gaya muku, nauyi shine abokan gaba.
Anan ne batirin tsarin ke shigowa. Ta hanyar kera motoci daga batura maimakon ƙara su zuwa tsarin da ake da su, yawancin nauyin da aka ƙarawa yana ɓacewa.Zuwa wani ɗan lokaci-wato, lokacin da aka canza duk abubuwan da aka tsara zuwa batura - ƙara yawan zirga-zirgar motar yana haifar da kusan babu asarar nauyi.
Kamar yadda zaku yi tsammani-saboda na san kuna zaune a can kuna tunanin "Mene ne babban ra'ayi!"-akwai cikas ga wannan mafita mai wayo.Na farko shine sanin ikon yin batura daga kayan da za a iya amfani da su ba kawai a matsayin anodes da cathodes ga kowane baturi na asali ba, har ma da ƙarfin isa-kuma haske sosai!-Tsarin da zai iya tallafawa motar tan biyu da fasinjojinta, kuma ana fatan za ta kasance lafiya.
Ba abin mamaki ba ne, manyan abubuwan biyu na batir mafi ƙarfi na tsarin zamani wanda Jami'ar Fasaha ta Chalmers ta yi kuma KTH Royal Institute of Technology ta saka hannun jari, shahararrun jami'o'in injiniya guda biyu na Sweden - su ne carbon fiber da aluminum.Ainihin, ana amfani da fiber carbon a matsayin wutar lantarki mara kyau;da tabbatacce lantarki amfani da lithium baƙin ƙarfe phosphate rufi aluminum tsare.Tun da carbon fiber kuma yana gudanar da electrons, babu buƙatar azurfa mai nauyi da jan ƙarfe.An ware cathode da anode da matrix fiber na gilashi wanda kuma ya ƙunshi electrolyte, don haka ba wai kawai jigilar lithium ion tsakanin na'urorin lantarki ba, har ma yana rarraba nauyin tsarin tsakanin su biyun.Wutar lantarki ta kowace irin wannan tantanin halitta shine 2.8 volts, kuma kamar duk batirin motocin lantarki na yanzu, ana iya haɗa shi don samar da 400V ko ma 800V na yau da kullun ga motocin lantarki na yau da kullun.
Kodayake wannan tsalle-tsalle ne bayyananne, hatta waɗannan sel masu fasaha ba su shirya don babban lokaci kwata-kwata.Yawan kuzarin su shine kawai awanni 25 watt a kowace kilogiram, kuma taurin tsarin su shine gigapascals 25 (GPa), wanda dan kadan ya fi karfin fiber gilashin firam.Koyaya, tare da kudade daga Hukumar Kula da Sararin Samaniya ta Sweden, sabon sigar yanzu yana amfani da ƙarin fiber carbon maimakon na'urorin lantarki na aluminum, waɗanda masu binciken ke da'awar suna da tauri da ƙarfin kuzari.A haƙiƙa, waɗannan sabbin batir carbon/carbon ana sa ran za su samar da wutar lantarki har zuwa watt-awatts 75 a kowace kilogiram da ma'aunin matashi na 75 GPa.Wannan yawan kuzarin na iya kasancewa a bayan batir lithium-ion na gargajiya, amma taurin tsarin sa yanzu ya fi aluminum.A wasu kalmomi, baturin diagonal na abin hawa chassis da aka yi da waɗannan batura na iya zama da ƙarfi a tsari kamar baturin da aka yi da aluminum, amma za a rage nauyi sosai.
Amfani da farko na waɗannan batura masu fasaha kusan tabbas na'urorin lantarki ne.Farfesa Chalmers Leif Asp ya ce: “A cikin ’yan shekaru, yana yiwuwa gaba ɗaya a kera wayar hannu, kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka ko kuma keken lantarki wanda ya kai rabin nauyin yau kuma ya fi ƙanƙanta.”Duk da haka, kamar yadda mai kula da aikin ya nuna, "Haƙiƙa muna da iyaka da tunaninmu a nan."
Baturin ba shine tushen motocin zamani na lantarki ba, har ma mafi raunin hanyar haɗin gwiwa.Ko da mafi kyawun hasashen zai iya gani sau biyu kawai yawan kuzarin yanzu.Idan muna so mu sami kewayon ban mamaki wanda dukanmu muka yi alkawari - kuma da alama wani a kowane mako yana yin alkawarin kilomita 1,000 a kowane caji?— Za mu yi fiye da ƙara batura a motoci: dole ne mu kera motoci daga batir.
Masana sun ce gyaran wasu hanyoyin da suka lalace na wucin gadi da suka hada da babbar hanyar Coquihalla za ta dauki watanni da dama.
Kafofin watsa labarai sun himmatu wajen kiyaye dandalin tattaunawa mai aiki amma masu zaman kansu kuma yana ƙarfafa duk masu karatu su raba ra'ayoyinsu akan labaranmu.Yana iya ɗaukar sama da awa ɗaya kafin sharhi ya bayyana akan gidan yanar gizon.Muna rokon ku da ku kiyaye ra'ayoyinku masu dacewa da mutuntawa.Mun kunna sanarwar imel-idan kun sami amsa sharhi, idan an sabunta zaren sharhi da kuke bi, ko kuma idan kun bi sharhin mai amfani, yanzu zaku karɓi imel.Da fatan za a ziyarci jagororin al'umma don ƙarin bayani da cikakkun bayanai kan yadda ake daidaita saitunan imel.